OBSERVATION OF CENTRAL MACULAR THICKNESS AND MICROVASCULATURE BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN AN AMBLYOPIC PATIENT

Purpose: Documented the macular area changes regarding thickness and vascularity on an amblyopic patient by optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiograph. Patients and methods: A case control observational study. AllPatients were attended to Ain shams university clinic and the clinic of Ophthalmology Department of Re- search Institute of Ophthalmology in period between October 2020 to May 2021.the study included 40 patients, age between 7-18y, with unilateral amblyopic eye and divided into 4 groups each group 10 patients, unilateral amblyopic with strabismus, anisometropia, sensory deprivation compared to control study. The patients excluded with history prematurity, trauma, neurologic or systemic disease, uncooperative patients, eccentric fixation, and patients with refractive errors more than 6 Diopters. The thickness and vascularity of macular area were investigated and documented byoptical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiograph (OCTA). Results: The central thickness (1mm) of macula in all groups were non-significant compared with the control group except in sensory amblyopic groupthere was a significant increase in the thickness compared to control group with p -value 0.033.The vascularity of FAZ area, superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), are not statistically significant (p-value was 0.0412 & 0.154) respectively. Conclusion: Thestudy helps in understanding the changes in central macular thickness and FAZ microvasculature by OCT and OCTA that may play a role in pathophysiology and the management of different types of an amblyopic pediatric patient.