Impact of Dietary and Other Factors Including Iodine Sufficiency Status on the Levels of Urinary Phytoestrogens

Background and aims: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2007-2010 were used to evaluate factors that affect observed variability in urinary phytoestrogens. Methods: Data for six phytoestrogen variables, namely, daidzein (DAZ), o-desmethylangolensin (DMA), equol (EQU), enterodiol (ETD), enterolactone (ETL), and genistein (GNS) were available for analyses. Regression models for log10 transformed values of these six phytoestrogens as dependent variables and gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, iodine sufficiency status, body mass index, poverty income ratio, urine creatinine, consumption of selected foods, and selected total nutrient variables as independent variables were fitted. Results: Data for six phytoestrogen variables, namely, daidzein (DAZ), o-desmethylangolensin (DMA), equol (EQU), enterodiol (ETD), enterolactone (ETL), and genistein (GNS) were available for analyses. Regression models for log10 transformed values of these six phytoestrogens as dependent variables and gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, iodine sufficiency status, body mass index, poverty income ratio, urine creatinine, consumption of selected foods, and selected total nutrient variables as independent variables were fitted. Conclusions: In conclusion, both smoking and iodine deficiency may affect metabolism of selected phytoestrogens.