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Foreign direct investment is one of the most important sources of external finance for developing countries, including the countries of the Sahel, which readapted the international economic relations according to their needs, and which tried to adapt their fundamental interests with the requirements of foreign investors in the hope of achieving the objectives of human development and face the challenges of poverty. The purpose of this article is to study the evolution of foreign direct investments in Mauritania, one of the Sahel countries which continues to make great efforts to reduce poverty and which, thanks to perseverance, has achieved many encouraging results as demonstrated by the conclusions of the econometric study that allowed us to find that it is possible to reduce poverty by increasing the economic growth of the foreign direct investment flows, but it all depends on the good choice of the investment sectors.