Prevalence and Factors Associated with Treatment Failure during Antiretroviral Therapy Atbobo-Dioulasso University Teaching Hospital (Burkina Faso) (2008- 2013)

Summary: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with therapeutic failure. Materials and Methods: We have conducted a retrospective and analytical cohort study from January 2008 to December 2013, targeting out-patients under ambulatory consultation at the day hospital of Sanou Souro Teaching Hospital (SSTH). Were included in the study the entire patient's sero positive for HIV-1 and under anti-retroviral treatment (ARVT), regularly followed in the active file of the Day hospital for at least twelve months and who have achieved a CD4 rate and a viral load in the systematic review of HIV infection. Results: During the study period, 512 patients met our inclusion criteria. The median age was 37.5 years with (IQ 32.2 to 45.1) a sex ratio of 0.38 in favor of females. An opportunistic infection was the cause of the serology discovery with 57.6% of patients. According to WHO classification, 42.2% of patients were at stage 3 of WHO. At the start of the treatment, the median number of lymphocytes T CD4 was 179cells/μl (IQR: 85-258). The scheme two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inverse (NRTIs) and a non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) was the most used with 93.6%. The prevalence of treatment failure was (6.4%). Age and CD4 rate inferior to 200/mm3 at the start of the treatment were associated with treatment failure. Conclusion: This study shows that treatment failure is common (6.4%) in the active line of the day hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso. A significant association between older age and a CD4 rate inferior to 200mm3 at the start of the treatment was recorded.