Neurological Complications of Typhoid Fever: Case of Guillain-Barre' Syndrome about an Observation in Dakar, Senegal

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare complication of typhoid fever and only a few such cases have been reported in the pediatric age group. Authors report here the first documented case of Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with typhoid fever in Senegal. It was an old boy of 10 years without a specific personal history with psychomotor development and a status update. No family history had been reported. He was hospitalized for motor deficit of 4 members of progressive and backward installation on approximately 1 week. The beginning of the symptomatology was marked by episodes of nausea, sometimes late post-prandial vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain in a feverish context. Neurological examination was objectified a peripheral neurogenic syndrome. There were no abnormalities of the cranial nerves or sensory impairments evident. The rest of the clinical examination was normal. The Electroneuromyography had objectified maximum diffuse axonal degeneration in the lower limbs with discrete lesions of demyelination in places. Blood biology showed a mild leukocytosis predominant neutrophil. Lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed an Albuminocytological dissociation moderate with a cellularity to 12 items per mm? and protein levels to 1.25 g per liter. In the course of a normal comprehensive etiological account, the diagnosis of polyradiculoneuritis acute (Guillain-Barre syndrome) on the highlighting of Salmonella Typhi by serology Widal and Felix, but also of the culture which had highlighted the germ Salmonella Typhi. The stool culture and the gastric biopsy had not been carried out. Evolution after 3 weeks had been marked by a slight improvement in the clinical signs of a discrete regression of the engine following a made essentially supported deficit of ceftriaxone (80 mg/kg/day for 7 days), physiotherapy and symptomatic treatment. Typhoid fever is a common infection in the tropics but its complications on the peripheral system are very rare. A multidisciplinary collaboration is necessary for the treatment of these conditions in the tropics in general and in particular typhoid fever.