Сrystalloid solution in pediatric

Recently intravenous fluid therapy has a significant trend of development. Recommendations by Holliday MA, Segar WE. about basing of fluid therapy have led to the predominant use of hypotonic solutions. Hyponatremia, which often develops in children and has a number of serious complications, was caused mainly using them. To prevent of the development of acute hyponatremia the intravenous administration of 0,9% NaCl was recommended. However, the acid-base disturbances due to the development of hyperchloraemic acidosis limit its application. In recent years new solutions were created and actively used, not only contributing to the correction of the water balance, electrolyte disorders, acid-base status, but also have the effect of organ protection, which is certainly very important. Therefore, the use of balanced crystalloid solutions as isotonic fluid of choice must have an advantage over administration of 0.9% saline. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the current concepts of intravenous fluids in pediatric intensive care units. It sets out modern postulates, which must adhere to assigning pediatric intravenous fluid. The article describes certain advantages and disadvantages of fluids using in children. For the greater extent normal saline is compared with the isotonic balanced saline named Sterofundin.It has the sodium concentration of 140 mmol/l and a significantly lower chloride concentration (127 mmol/l), as well as potassium, magnesium concentration more close to the composition of the plasma. In the review there is a data of Ringer-lactate, which has a somewhat reduced concentration of sodium (131 mmol/l) in comparison with normal saline and Sterofundin. A low concentration of sodium lactate leads to the bit limit of its using, especially in neurosurgical pathology.