From the history of fortification and mapping of Bessarabia and Moldova: F. Kau?er's works in 1793-1797

The article is devoted to the French cartographer and fortifier François Kau?er (1751-1801), who for the last 9 years of his life served the Ottoman Porte, but at the same time was an agent of the Russian Empire. Particular attention is given to his work in the territory of Bessarabia and Moldova, where he took part in strengthening the fortresses of Akkerman, Bender, Izmail, Kiliya, and Khotyn (in 1793-1797). The paper includes documents and lists of his manuscript maps and plans, which are stored in the Military Historical Archive (Russian Federation, Moscow).