INFLUENCES OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL MUTAGENS IN THE HARICOT BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS)

The haricot bean in our country is considered as one of the main leguminous plants. It (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a highly genetically variable species and very important for agricultural produce. The climatic changes of recent years have caused a considerable decrease in its production. The evidence of haricot decrease has resulted in conducting studies that aim to reduce the rate loss. One of the main identified issues is the abortion of the haricot bean flower, that is, pods; inability to link because of high temperatures and sesonal droughts. Induced mutagenic techniques have been used in the haricot bean seeds to shorten the blooming period in order to reduce the abortion of haricot bean flower in such periods. The main purpose of this study is to show the influence of phusical and chemical mutagenes on the haricot bean Phaseolus vulgaris a cultivar registered in the National Genetics Bank. Iduction and evaluation of mutations in the haricot bean provide data on the way physical mutagens act on leaves, flowers and beans. Seeds of haricot beans are treated with physical mutagens, on respective doses of 50 Gy, 100Gy and 150 Gy compared to control. Also with chemical mutagens (EMS;dES) in three doses each compared to control. During this time, chlorophyllian pigments have been analyzed and various mutations have been observed under the influence of mutagens (Kraja.A, Vero.I, Elezi.F 2000). Leaves have been measured with Chlorophyll Meter to see the changes of chlorophyllian pigments and to compare them with control later on. The Chlorophyll Meter used is CCM-200. Changes have been noted in the amount of Chlorophyllian pigments related to the acceleration of flowering, where the first doses of dES has given more and fast flowers compared to the control (ACADEMIC PRESS, 1976). Also, there have been changes in the maturation period for two radiation doses ( 100 Gy and 150 Gy).