Evaluation of 2-D echo findings in chronic kidney disease: Case study of 35 end stage renal disease patients

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide with increase in incidence and prevalence. Diabetes and hypertension are the leading cause of CKD worldwide, whereas hypertension is a cause as well as effect of CKD. Objectives: To evaluate and analyze the echocardiographic changes in the end stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Materials and methods: End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who were on maintenance Haemodialysis for at least 3 months, in MG hospital were included in the study. We performed 2D echocardiography in 35 ESRD patients during inter-dialytic period. Patients with clinical evidence of coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease and pericardial effusion were excluded from the study. Results: Out of 35 ESRD patients, echocardiography revealed LV dilatation and diastolic dysfunction in 18 patients (51.2%) , LV hypertrophy in 17 patients (48%), systolic dysfunction and pericardial effusion in 10 patients (28.57%) and 6 patients (17.14%) respectively. RWMA was present in 3 patients (8.5%) and no valvular calcification was seen in any patient. In a sub group of 21 patients with Hb <10g%, LVH was present in 15 patients (71.42%) vs 2 out of 14 patients (14.28%) in patients group with Hb >10 g%. Hypertensive patients were 27 of 35 ESRD patients, 13 out of 27 had higher prevalence of LVH (51.85%). Systolic dysfunction and RWMA was absent in normotensive group. Conclusion: LV diastolic dysfunction and hypertrophy were most common echocardiographic findings. There was statistically significant correlation between anaemia and presence of LVH and positive correlation between presence of hypertension and LVH.