Assessment of biochemical composition of renal calculi among patients visiting SVIMS, Tirupati

Background: Worldwide urolithiasis is most common urological disease affecting both males and females. A kidney stone is a disease caused by some multi-factorial reasons like biochemical, environmental, epidemiological, genetic factors and especially diet will play an important role in expression of the tendency to stone formation. Aim: The present study was aimed to determine the composition of renal calculi by biochemical analysis. Materials and methods: A total of 43 study subjects of both sex groups were selected from the surgical urology unit of S.V.I.M.S Tirupati, and private Nursing homes in Tirupati, during the period of 16 months (May 2009 to September 2010). Results: A total of 50 renal stones were analyzed qualitatively, from 43 patients. In 43 patients, 39 were Males (90.69 %) and only 4 were Females (9.31%) and the incidence in male and female was in the ratio of 10:1. The highest number of cases, 40% of the total case is present in age group of 35-40 years followed by 32% in age group of 30-35 years. The Qualitative chemical analysis of renal stones revealed the presence of mixed stones with highest percent of CaOx (Calcium Oxalate) with CaP (Calcium Phosphate) stones for followed by uric acid. Conclusion: The present study concluded that knowing the biochemical composition of renal calculi is important during the treatment of renal stone disease and also giving advice to people for taking preventive measures for reducing the stone formation.