Age Related Macular Degeneration: a Complex Pathology

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe irreversible central vision loss and blindness in individuals of over 65 years of age in the developed countries. There are two types of AMD, the ‘‘dry'' and ‘‘wet'' forms. Both genetic and non-genetic (environmental) factors are considered for the onset of AMD. The etiology and pathogenesis of AMD are not well understood and remain a major challenge to understand. This review discusses recent advancement in genetics and genomics, and the molecular pathways involved in AMD pathogenesis.