MINYAK KULIT JERUK PAKIS SEBAGAI ESSENTIAL OIL DALAM PEMBUATAN SABUN: EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI

Pakis orange peel is one of wasted product from household, industry and agriculture activities. Pakis orange peel can be extracted by distillation as citrus oil. Furthermore, it can be used as essential oil in production of soap. The purposes of this research is to compare yield and quality of citrus oil base on fresh and dried pakis orange peel (40°C, 6 hours) by water distillation methode. The variation mass of orange peel was used 200, 300, 400 and 500 gram then was extracted for 3 hours at 100°C. The yield of citrus oil from fresh pakis orange peel with weight 200, 300, 400 and 500 gram are 0,888%, 0,619%, 0,178% and 0,239%, respectively. The dried pakis orange peel was produced citrus oil 0,214%, 0,029%, 0,074% and 0,023%, respectively. The citrus oilwas analyzed by Gas Chromatoghrapy Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) which was contained ca. 82,13% of limonene. Pakis orange peel before and after extraction analyzed with Scanning Electro Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were indicated the structure of surface area after extraction has become broken and the sructure of crystalline structure was not significant changes. Furthermore, citrus oil obtained from extraction was reacted with 30% NaOH for soap production. The pH of soap at concentration 1%, 5% and 10% (w/v) in water 9, 10 and 10, respectively. The water content in the soap about 37,25%.