SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW ALKYD RESINS (SHORT, MEDIUM AND LONG) BASED ON SUNFLOWER OIL AND LINOLEIC ACID AS BINDER FOR PAINTS

Alkyd resins include a very high proportion of common binders, which are used in the pants. New alkyd resins were synthesized by reacting (sunflower oil or linoleic acid with poly ethylene glycol or triethanol amine and phthalic anhydride) in the presence of lead oxide as a catalyst. The synthesis of alkyd resins included two stages. The first stage is to convert sunflower oil or linoleic acid to monoglycerides as a polyol by alcoholysis. Esterification process took place in the second stage through adding phthalic anhydride and xylene to the mixture. There were three different kinds of alkyd resins that have been synthesized (Short, medium and long) from sunflower oil or linoleic acid by using different ratios of phthalic anhydride. The various physic-chemical properties of alkyd resins including acid value, saponification value, iodine value, Density, viscosity, chemical resistance and volatile matter were studied. The result is that alkyd resins are readily soluble in aprotic polar solvents such as (Toluene, Acetone, Benzene, xylene, DMF, DMSO, Methanol, and ethanol) without being in need for heating. Thermal analysis of alkyd resins is conducted by using thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and thermal differential calorimeter (DSC) techniques, which reveals that these Aromatic alkyd resins possess thermal stability. Alkyd resins were characterized by FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopies.