IBA and TDZ Induced Plant Regeneration of Date Palm through Immature Female Inflorescence Culture

The present work discussed the effectiveness of Indole butyric acid (IBA) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) on establishment of plant regeneration of immature inflorescence of female date palm cv. Sewi. MS medium supplemented with IBA at 1, 2 and 4 mg l−1 in combination with TDZ at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l−1 was tested to investigate their effects on direct and indirect regeneration for 8 months (two month interval). An additional objective of this study was to investigate the effect of culture media components on growth and development of the different resulted aggregates from the previous experiments separately as follows: effect of cytokinin combination treatments on shoot multiplication of direct shoot buds, effect of culture media components on multiplication and germination of direct somatic embryos and finally effect of Paclobutrazol on growth and development of callus cultures. The results showed three responses depend on TDZ and IBA concentrations and combinations. The highest percentage of direct shoot buds and direct embryos formation on MS supplemented with 2 mg l−1 IBA combined with 1 mg l−1 TDZ while 4 mg l−1 IBA combined with 0.5 or 1 mg l−1 TDZ gave highest significant callus formation percentages. The best shoot buds multiplication achieved at 1 mg l−1 BA and 1 mg l−1 kinetin. Direct somatic embryos produced a significant large number of secondary somatic embryos on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin and 0.25 mg l−1 2iP, the best germination was found on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg l−1 NAA and 1g l−1 activated charcoal. pbz at 0.2 mg l−1 to callus culture medium enhanced significantly secondary somatic embryo formation, 0.3 mg l−1 pbz gave the highest callus fresh weight. Direct and indirect healthy shoots rooted in 1/2 MS supplemented with 1 mg l−1 IBA.