REMEDIATION OF OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL IN NIGERIA

This article examines the environmental pollution and remediation of oil spillage in the Niger delta in Nigeria. Oil is one of the main factors of the global economic development in the 20th century and remains the most important source of energy for the near future. The relatively low price of oil and oil products with large volumes of their consumption, the lack of adequate threat posed by environmental policy have led to very significant losses, the consequences of which are the contamination of land and soil. Oil pollution in scale and toxicity is a planetary danger. Oil and oil products cause poisoning death of organisms and soil degradation, the natural self-purification of natural objects from oil pollution is a long process, especially in Nigeria, where for a long time a lower temperature regime maintains. So the issue of contaminated lands remediation becomes of exceptional urgency. Currently, one of the most promising technologies for contaminated lands remediation in Nigeria from oil pollution is soil bacteria, which are two species of the genera Pseudomonas – Ps. aeruginosa and Ps. Fluorescents – isolated along with other members of different genera of bacteria, they have the ability to grow in a medium containing oil depending on its concentration, characterized by an increased ability to the biodegradation of hydrocarbon components of oil products. Under the natural conditions, biotransformation of oil and petroleum products is carried out under the influence of a complex of very different groups of organisms. Particular attention is given to research on joint influence of the representatives of two adjacent trophic levels: Ekonadin and Putidoyl on elimination of oil in the soil.