A Case of Synchronous Renal and Splenic Artery Embolism in a Patient with Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: Renal and splenic artery embolism are rare conditions and even more rarely they present simultaneously in the same patient. Case Report: We present a case of patient with renal and splenic artery embolism, their presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome along with the results of two year follow up. Discussion: As no clinical studies have been performed to define diagnostic and treatment pathways and guidelines, clinicians have to rely on literature mostly comprised of case reports to lead them. The imaging options described are that of CT scan followed by MRI, Ultrasound and other invasive methods such as Angiogram. Two treatment options have been proposed by the authors, invasive (angiogram and thrombolysis), which are reserved for early diagnosed cases, and conservative for cases diagnosed after 48 hours of presentation. Conclusion: As renal and splenic artery embolism are often misdiagnosed, doctors need to maintain high grade of suspicion to be able to correctly recognize and treat these patients, especially the very rare cases of bilateral renal embolism where the renal function compromise can be preventable and life saving.