The Researcher of the Medieval City of Juketau: T. A. Khlebnikova’s 85th Birth Anniversary

The article is devoted to the scientific activity of Tamara Alexandrovna Khlebnikova (1928-2001), Candidate of Historical Sciences, a renowned expert in the field of Bulgar archaeology, who had played an important role in the study of the medieval Juketau city (the 10th to the 14th cc.) on the Lower Kama conducted in the 1960-1970s. In the 1960s, T. A. Khlebnikova initiated exploratory studies of the fortified settlement site, and in 1970-1972 supervised the first scientific excavations on this site. The results made it possible to characterize the main stages in the city's existence from its formation to destruction. Stratigraphically, two levels were identified: the pre-Mongol one dated to the second half of the 10th – first third of the 13th century (1236), and the Golden Horde level (second third of the 13th to the late 14th or early 15th cc.). It should be noted that the materials referring to the pre-Mongol time prevailed, which permitted to correct the views of Juketau being an exclusively Golden Horde city. In the 1990s, the studies of the Juketau fortified site have been resumed, supervised by F. Sh. Khuzin and N. G. Nabiullin, and basically confirmed the findings of T. A. Khlebnikova.