A review on Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is basically the formation of clot into the veins of the body. The areas mostly affected by DVT are generally Left thigh, calf of foot etc. Deep vein thrombosis mainly occurs in the iliac vein as is the vein deep inside the foot. It mainly affects adults, geriatrics, and obstrecticts etc. People that have undergone major surgery, undergone bed rest, spinal cord injury, and hyper coagulation are on the severe risk of this disorder. After the formation of DVT, when the thrombi from the thrombus broke down due to pressure applied by blood and blood components, it goes directly to the pulmonary nerve; it then causes the fatal stage of pulmonary embolism. A scientist Rudolf Virchow has proposed a Virchow triad that shows the three major causes and risk factors of DVT. It consists of three major factors, the injury to the endothelium, the deficiency of protein C and last but not the least, the hyper coagulation stage. The diagnosis can be done by, D-Dimer test; it is a very useful test in the diagnosis of DVT. Rest the tests are, venous ultrasonography, contrast impedence, and impedence plethysmography etc. Treatment generally requires the use of Vitamin K antagonist i.e. Warfarin and low molecular weight heparin, fractionated heparin. The heparin therapy after a week is overlapped by Warfarin and the treatment duration is up to 3-5 months. Physiotherapy is also needed in patients with long term best rest. The other method for the removal of thrombus in insertion of Intra cathedral device the calf.