Pharmacies, Pharmacists and Medicine Dealers in Ottoman Bursa (1861-1919)

Pharmaceutics, which is an indispensable addition to medical services for the treatment of disease, has turned into a profession that requires school education rather than being a craft branch barely in the nineteenth century. Therewithal, the teaching and performing of the pharmaceutics had experienced many changes. Civilian pharmacies began to operate in Istanbul in 1830, and in provincial cities in the second half of the nineteenth century. The medicine trade in the Ottoman cities became operational in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. This paper tries to examine pharmacies, pharmacists and medicine dealers in one of the most prominent provincial towns in the Ottoman Empire, namely Bursa, in the framework of the development of medical activities in the of modernization.