ELECTRONIC TUTORIALS FOR SCHOOL DISCIPLINES TEACHING AND LEARNING

Equalization of opportunities for getting qualitative knowledge by schoolchildren in various regions of our planet and individualization of the educational process become the most important problems of the education system in 21-st century. Our time is characterized by intensive computerization and development of electronic communication systems. Keeping this in mind, the author considers the development of technologies of creation of electronic educational tutorials (EET) as one of the decision of these problems. In this paper the features of the some cognitive processes, such as memory and attention, are considered in the context of their rational activization while working with EET. Recommendations on inclusion in technology of creation of EET of the following ways of activization of cognitive processes are formulated: the novelty; unusual, inherently “surprising” situations; gradation of task complexity; interactivity; current control of task performance; answers to questions. The important role is played by game elements, original external envelopes and use of comfortable visual media during displaying information. EET differs from traditional printed textbooks by multiple-leveling, integrative abilities, visualization of presentation, mobility and availability, and variety of forms and contents. Basic principles of the development of EET on natural science subjects, which define the structure, the content and ways of presentation of the teaching material, are preconditioned by the requirements of didactics and are reflected in vertical presentation of the teaching material, mathematical modeling, demonstration of relations between studied phenomena and laws and habitual for pupils images of the surrounding reality, the nature, and understandability of the presentation of the scientific facts. Examples of the EET created with a contribution of the author in physics ("School physical experiment on PC"), in mathematics ("Algebra. Functions and graphs"), in literature ("Classics of the world literature at school lessons. 19-th century") are described. Prospects of introduction of EET in school educational process are discussed.