CLINICAL UTILITY OF C-PEPTIDE AND HbA1C MEASUREMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE-II DIABETES

Background: The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has more than doubled since 1980 and is expected to continue to rise at alarming rates . An estimated 336 million people worldwide now have T2DM. T2DM results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors that impair β-cell function and insulin action. Diabetes is diagnosed clinically by elevated plasma glucose levels, however, loss of β-cell function is progressive over time and β-cell dysfunction is far advanced by the time diabetes is diagnosed clinically. Therefore, methods for preserving or restoring β-cell function are important in our attempts to prevent and treat T2DM. In this project, we discuss current evidence for causes of the progressive loss of β-cell function in T2DM, and the effects of current therapeutic strategies on preservation of β-cell function and the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Objectives: To measure beta cell function mass and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus which can serve as an effective index for selecting a diabetic treatment. It has been shown that basal serum C-peptide levels are useful indicators for determining the proper timing to introduce the intensive insulin therapy into DM patients. They were, also, of greater value in identifying patients suitable for oral therapy than any single clinical criterion, and thus may help in identifying insulin-treated diabetic patients who may be treated with oral therapy without deterioration in metabolic control. Methods: Fasting serum c-peptide levels and metabolic control (HbA1C) are measured in patients enrolled in the study, the statistical analysis of mean data was done by using Paired T-test of the before and after values of test results at p<0.05 Conclusion: Interventions that reduce body fat and increases physical functioning such as diet and exercise, or that change fat biology through different therapies in lowering blood glucose provide the best evidence for slowing or arresting the deterioration of β-cell function that causes T2DM. These interventions should form the basis of interventions to prevent and treat T2DM, particularly early in its course. Keywords: C-Peptide, HbA1C, β-cell function, Insulin Resistance, Type 2 diabetes, Oral hypoglycemic therapy, Insulin therapy, Micro and Macrovascular Diseases.