Importance of Impedance Spectroscopy Technique in Materials Characterization: A Brief Review

Impedance spectroscopy is a popular analytical tool in materials research and gives plenty of information after careful analysis. Experimentally obtained data can be analyzed by using a mathematical model based on possible physical theory that predicts theoretical impedance or a relatively empirical equivalent circuit. In the present review the complex impedance plots, i.e. Nyquist plots are analyzed by Z-view software and the values of grain and grain boundary resistances and capacitances are evaluated and the equivalent circuits are proposed for different materials. The results of pure and doped lead tartrate crystals, pure and amino acid doped ADP crystals and pure Hydroxyapatite nano-particles are reviewed. It has found that grain and grain boundary effects are very sensitive to doping and it is reflected in Nyquist plots. From the results it is found that the impedance spectroscopy technique is a sensitive technique to detect impure or doped system.