The role of orthodontist in distraction osteogenesis

Although orthognathic surgery has gained recognition over the last few decades it still has not overcome several limitations like acute advancement of bone segments and adaptation of soft tissue relative to the new position. With the advent of distraction osteogenesis these limitations have been omitted. Recently, several experimental and clinical investigations have established that controlled progressive mechanical traction of bone segments at an osteotomy site created in the craniofacial region can form new bone parallel to the direction of traction. Thorough planning, careful evaluation and communication between the orthodontist and maxillofacial surgeon is the key to a successful outcome of the treatment and resolution of malocclusion. In addition, management of dentition prior to distraction need careful assessment for better finish of occlusion after distraction osteogenesis has been performed. Hence, the purpose of this article is to review the historic development and biologic foundation of mandibular distraction osteogenesis, and role of orthodontist in distraction osteogenesis.