Assessment of metabolic (Adiponectin, Leptin) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, hs-CRP & IFN-γ) in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Prospective Study

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases. In 2013, an estimated 9.0 million people developed TB and 1.5 million died from the disease. TB is slowly declining each year and it is estimated that 37 million lives were saved between 2000 and 2013 through effective diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: The present study enrolled Pulmonary TB subjects with the objectives to estimate the levels of serum Adiponectin, Leptin, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), high sensitivity-C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) & Interferon- γ (IFN-γ) and to find correlation between Adiponectin, Leptin, Adiponectin/Leptin ratio, TNF-α, hs-CRP & IFN-γ in patients before and after treatment. Materials and Method: The study involved all the patients who were newly diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis in the OPD of Pulmonary Medicine of SGT Hospital. Venous blood samples of 50 patients of TB were collected before and after treatment with Anti TB drugs to estimate the levels of Adiponectin, Leptin, hs-CRP, INF–γ and TNF-α by commercially available kits in the Laboratory of Department of Biochemistry. Results: The levels of Adiponectin were higher in subjects diagnosed as new case sputum positive Pulmonary TB whereas the levels of Leptin and BMI measurements were low. Inflammatory markers like TNF-α, hs-CRP & IFN-γ were high in subjects before treatment and decreased after 6 months of Anti-Tubercular Treatment under DOTS Category 1. Conclusion: Adiponectin, Leptin, TNF-α, hs-CRP & IFN-γ can be labeled as potential biomarkers in the pathogenesis of Tuberculosis.