Methodological Approaches to the Definition of Embryo and Teratogenicity in Morphological Experiments

The aim of the study was to study the effects of lead acetate alone or in combination with nanoiron to identify possible toxic or essential of iron in embryogenesis and reproductive system in experimental models. The material was selected pilot study in rats (24 white mature female Wistar weighing 180-200 g at the age of 95 110days). Among the problems facing us in this experimental work was to determine the possible embryotoxic effects of metals and effects on the reproductive system of animals. Indicators embryo are: pre- and postimplantational embryonic mortality, morphological (anatomical) malformations, as well as overall growth retardation. Preimplantational mortality is determined by the difference between the number of corpora lutea in the ovaries and the number of implantation sites in the uterus; postimlantational mortality by the difference between the number of implantation sites and number of live fetuses. Simulation of solutions of nanometals on the body and the female embryogenesis in rats was performed according to the following schedule: Group 1 - animals injected with a solution of lead acetate at a dose of 0.05 mg / kg, Group 2 - animals injected with a solution of lead acetate at a dose of 0.05 mg / kg and nanoiron solution at a dose of 1.5 mg / kg, group 3 - control .Test substances (solutions of metals (lead) and nanometals (iron)) females were injected through a tube once a day, at the same time 1 to 19 days of pregnancy. Rats of the control group at the same time introduced the solvents used in the preparation of agents of influence, on distilled water. Animals were taken out of the experiment at 19-th day of pregnancy means an overdose of ether anesthesia after removal of the uterus with embryos . In ovaries counted the number of corpora lutea was determined size and weight. We determined the number of embryos in each of two-horned uterus. To determine the possible embryotoxic action of embryos removed from the uterus with placenta examined to detect any visible pathological changes were carried out photographing, weighed, and measured of kraniocaudal size. The results in the group that was subject to the influence of lead acetate in micro-doses have shown embryotoxic effects of lead acetate compared with those of control group. So, at almost the same number of corpora lutea of pregnancy in the two groups, there is a significant reduction in the number of live fetuses at 17% - 7,5 ± 0,53 vs 9,0 ± 0,4 in the control group, respectively. Analysis of embryonic development in the group receiving combination acetate and lead citrate of iron showed improvement embryonic development compared with intact group that appears unreliable increase in the number of corpora lutea in the ovaries of pregnancy and number of live embryos per 1 female (9,13 ± 0,27 vs. 9,0 ± 0,4 control group). When compared with a group of lead intoxication, the difference is true: 9,13 ± 0,27 vs. 7,5 ± 0,53 (p <0,05). The above gives reason to believe that the introduction of the solution of nanoiron the background of lead intoxication prevents the negative influence of the latter on the reproductive system and processes of embryonic development of the fetus in experimental conditions and suggests their bioantagonism.