Metabolic and Structural Basis of Changes in the Functional Activity of Periodontal Tissues in the Development of Generalized Periodontitis in Young Adults

The relevance of the study is related to the fact that, despite the availability of data on the main components of the pathogenesis of generalized periodontitis (HP) in the literature, the generally accepted concept of the development of periodontal pathology in young people has not clearly investigated. The aim is to specify the role of energy metabolism disorders in the development of clinical symptoms of inflammatory-destructive periodontal diseases in young people. Material and methods. Complex clinical, laboratory and morphological studies of the features of changes in energy metabolism in patients with generalized periodontitis (GP) of the initial (I degree) were carried out. The activity of the complex of the limiting respiratory enzymes, glycolysis, pentose cycle and terminal oxidation has been histochemically studied according to conventional methods. Morphological studies were performed on incisional gingival biopsies on 30 patients with GP. In 13 patients, the pathology of the periodontal disease was in the stage of exacerbation. The control group consisted of 7 healthy individuals. All examined patients were aged from 19 to 30. Results. Changes in energy metabolism in gingiva were found, and it can be assumed that the mechanisms of the development of their clinical manifestations are of great importance for violations of the energy supply of periodontal tissues with the development of signs of tissue hypoxia. Proceeding from the received data, it is possible to recommend as expedient early preventive and medical application in complex therapy of preparations of metabolic type of action: antihypoxants and antioxidants. Their use will allow us to achieve metabolic compensation of reduced energy supply, an increase in the functional activity of epithelial and connective tissue periodontal cells, which will help maintain their functional activity and prevent the progression of clinical symptoms of GP. Conclusions. At the core of pathological changes in periodontal tissue in the development of HP in young people is the restructuring of energy metabolism with the transition to less sensitive to the lack of oxygen pathways of energy generation and the formation of signs of tissue hypoxia. Clinical symptoms of HP develop on the background of disruption of metabolic pathways of energy formation, which is manifested by a decrease in the activity of tissue respiration enzymes, the pentose cycle and terminal oxidation, while the activity of glycolysis enzymes increases. On the basis of the data obtained, it is rational to recommend early preventive and therapeutic use of pharmacological preparations of metabolototropic type of action - antihypoxants and antioxidants in complex therapy of GP in young adults.