Age Peculiarities of the Writing Speed of Children with Different Formation Level of Graphomotor Skills

Pupils of the 1st-2nd classes (6-8 years old) and preschool children (5 years old) from were involved in the research. Hygienic, psychophysical, physiological methods and methods of mathematical statistics were used. Development of the written (graphic) language of pupils takes the children's physiological processes to the higher level of mental perception of information. In addition, learning of written communication is an indicator of their communicative competence, which is the requirement of both intellectual and harmonic personal growth. Physiological and psychological developmental immaturity comes out in the stress of the child's organism, which may lead to emotional state changes, behavior disorder, vegetative and immune system disorders, chronic abnormalities. Analyzing the nature of movement and angular amplitude deviations of the children's top right limb by means of elbow flexion (cinematometrical methodology), balancing of inhibition and excitative processes with age was revealed. The results are proved by the fact that the final formation of writing skills is assured by the balance of inhibition and excitative processes, which fixes gradually during the writing study, as a result of systematic exercises for graphic signs and their combinations. That is why the maximum number of pupils with the balanced processes was stated among the eight year children. It should be noticed that the inhibition processes dominated in the group of boys as compared with girls (29,56% and 24,43% correspondingly). The excitative process was discovered to have the opposite dynamics (42,14% and 44,27% correspondingly). The reasons of the written (graphic) language defects may be not only in the disorder of elementary psychological processes of motility, graphomotor coordination, isolating disorder of visual and kinesthetic process, but also in the process of their interaction, in the sphere of system disorders of high mental processes and their interconnection, behavioral disorders, disorders of abstract forms of thinking. The integrated assessment of calligraphical writing skills automatization of children revealed the regular improvement of the writing skills with age. Naturally, the handwriting is a system of movements, which the child executes while writing letters and elements of letters. The technical side of the written (graphic) language is fixed in handwriting of the simple movements system, based on the writing-motor skill. It is an action characterized by the high level of digestion and lack of element-by-element conscious regulation. The detailed study of the kinetic tremor depending on the formation level of graphomotor skills demonstrates that among the children of preschool and midchildhood age group during the discontinuous and continuous writing the maximum exhaustion was characteristic for children with low level of graphomotor skills, minimum – for those with high formation level of graphomotor skills. Motor skills development and formation depends both on mature of the child's neuromusclar system, and on the activity's content and structure at a certain age stage.