State of Erythrocytic Membranes and Hematological Indices of Rats under Conditions of Energy Drinks Consumption

Energy drinks belong to non-alcoholic beverages group. It is important to study the influence of energy drinks primarily on the peripheral chain of erythron, since erythrocytes occupy an important place in the system of intercellular interactions. They are an integrative regulatory system and, together with the nervous and immune systems, provide the adaptation of the organism to the influence of exo- and endogenous factors of different nature. There is no such information regarding the influence of energy drinks on hematological parameters and the development of oxidative stress in scientific literature. It is important to maintain the structural and functional state of erythrocytes, the oxygen-transport function which reflect the state of erythrocytic membranes and balance the processes of peroxidation of biomolecules and ROS. The purpose of the research was study the changes of the peripheral part of erythron and the state of erythrocytic membranes of experimental animals that consumed an energy drink. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the Wistar line rats. Experimental animals were separated into two groups: 1st group – males receiving drinking water (control group); Group 2 – males who received an energy drink within a month. Study of hemogram parameters: determination of the level of total hemoglobin, the means of hemoglobin content in erythrocyte and the average volume of erythrocytes were performed using the hematologic analyzer "MYTHIC 18". The functional state of erythrocyte plasma membranes was evaluated by determining the acid resistance of erythrocytes by the kinetic method. Results and discussion. During our research we found out that in the rat's, who consumed energy drink, blood the total number of red blood cells and the hematocrit index decreased, according to: 5.71±0.61 × 1012/l and 31.24±3,09 % at 6.71±0.20 × 1012/l and 38.48±1.95% in the control group (p <0.001). At the same time, the average amount of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte during this period of research increased according to: 55.32±0.65 fl and 17.32±0.41 pg at 53.75±1.15 fl and 16.39±0,37 pg in intact animals. At the same time, the level of total hemoglobin in energy drink consumptions is reduced to 97.37±6.67 g/l, while the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocyte increases to 312.7±3.44 g/l at 115±5.50 g/l and 301.3±5.72 (p <0.001) compared to control animals. Such data may indicate a violation of hematopoiesis processes in these animals or on the hemolysis of red blood cells, a violation of the structural and functional state of hemoglobin. To characterize the state of erythrocytes membranes, we have studied the parameters of acid resistance. The degree of erythrocytes resistance is the duration of its existence in environment with hemolytic. The results had shown the redistribution of red blood cells in the resistance to the action of H+ ions when consuming energy. According to the data, the amount of peripheral red blood cells of animals consuming an energy drink, the level of low-density cells was raised in 1.8 times than the control group, and the index of spherule increased by 1.7 times. In case of medium-grade red blood cells, decreased of 1.3 times, an increased in resistance of 1.7 times has been noticed; especially significant changes were observed in erythrocytes of high resistance – their level decreased by 2.6 times. The obtained results indicate a violation of the resistance of erythrocytes membranes of animals' consumed energetic. Such redistribution of erythrocytes may be due to changes in colloid-osmotic parameters because of the violation of sample membrane permeability. The function of erythrocytes is largely determined by the balance of the processes of lipids and proteins membranes oxidation and the activity of ROS.