Toxic Hepatitis as a Factor of Changes in Local Immune Reactions in the Colon Mucous Membrane

According to data of the World Health Organization, diseases of the digestive system are among the most widespread in the world; they rank third after cardiovascular diseases and oncological pathologies. Nowadays there is an increase in the colon lesions. The widespread damage of this organ of the digestive system can be attributed to the diseases of civilization. The reason for this increase in morbidity is, first of all, the chemicalization of all branches of human life. In particular, it is the widespread use of chemical substances not only in industry and agriculture, but also in the life of chemicals (especially chlorinated hydrocarbons), which leads to the occurrence of complex pathological processes in all body and in the large intestine in particular. Among hydrocarbons, tetrachloromethane is especially dangerous. This is a widespread compound that is a part of detergents, varnishes, paints, solvents. This xenobiotic enters the human body mainly through the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract and causes the development of pathological changes in various organs and systems. It should be noted that close anatomical and functional linkage of the digestive system causes the development of combined pathologies. The aim of this work was to investigate local immune reactions in the colon mucous membrane with toxic hepatitis. Local immune reactions in the colon mucous membrane with simulated toxic hepatitis have been investigated. We have revealed the unevenness and disproportionality of changes in plasma cells with the major classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, Ig M, Ig G) in different periods of toxic hepatitis. The conducted immune morphological studies have established that already on the 2nd day of simulated toxic hepatitis, local immune reactions in the mucous membrane of the large intestine have changed significantly. The most pronounced disproportionality and imbalance of immune responses were detected on the 7th day of the experiment. At the 14th day, local immune responses were less pronounced than previous ones. The obtained and analyzed indices indicate that local hepatitis significantly changes local immune responses, which was confirmed by the uneven, disproportionate change in the number of plasma cells producing the major classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and secretory immunoglobulin A. The findings showed tension and inferiority of local immune reactions in the colon mucous membrane with toxic hepatitis. It should also be noted that the degree of correlation between plasma cells with the major classes of immunoglobulins (Ig A, Ig M, Ig G) correlated with the severity of the structural reconstruction of the colon wall with toxic hepatitis, vascular disorders, dystrophic, non-fibrotic, infiltrative processes in it. The performed immune morphological studies indicate that localized immune reactions in the colon mucous membrane undergo significant changes in simulated toxic hepatitis. The dynamics of the studied immuno morphological parameters of the colon mucous membrane with toxic hepatitis suggests that these immune reactions are intense and unstable, that is, the local immune homeostasis of the investigated organ is substantially disrupted in the modeled pathology. Changes in local colonic immune responses with toxic hepatitis require further research to take into account them in practical medicine for the prevention, diagnosis and correction of this pathology.