Functional Abilities of Young Men Aged 17-21 According to the Data of Variable Loading Test

One of the most operative and informative ways of evaluating human functional abilities and their level of mobilization is a metered cyclic veloergometric loading with power variability. The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of functional abilities of young men aged 17-21 while using loading with variable power, to trace correlation interdependencies between the indicators of physical efficiency and the functional state of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems of young men. Materials and methods of research. A longitudinal study has been conducted for three years. 267 young men aged 17-21 who are students of the Physical Education Faculty participated in the survey. The physical loading was given on a bicycle meter based on the method of D. M. Davydenko and co-authors. Correlation analysis was performed using SPSS 16. The correlation analysis of functional abilities of young men aged 17-21 included anthropometric and physiometric parameters, estimating the general functional state of the brain according to the statistical parameters of time values distribution with simple visual-motor reaction by the method of T. D. Loskutova, variation pulsometry data determined with the help of the Caspico program, and the criteria for assessing the functional capabilities of the body using closed-loop loading. Results and discussion. Results of studies of general physical ability of young men aged 17-21 showed that in the specified age range there were no significant changes in the studied parameters (p> 0.05). The age dynamics of all criteria was on average 4-6%. The values of the total physical capacity of young men aged 17-21 according to the tests of physical activity with power variability, were within the normative values stated by V. L. Karpman, Z. B. Belotserkovskii. At the same time, the mentioned values were higher than the specified criteria of the students of technical higher educational establishment who were engaged in compulsory physical training lessons. However, the established data were significantly lower compared with qualified rowers. Correlation analysis allowed establishing that the functional capabilities of young men aged 17-20 on indicators of physical capacity show a weak negative relationship with the degree of centralization of the cardiovascular system regulation mechanisms (IN, AMO) in the initial stage and the tendency to increase it with age. Negative correlation relations under the stress index in the state of rest change to positive at the age of 21 in the range of lower limit of the norm. The influence of the initial state of the central nervous system on functional capabilities was manifested in the positive connections of physical efficiency with the criteria of the general functional state of the brain. Physical loading is accompanied by an unreliable increase in their dependence, which is explained by convergent changes in the functional state of the central nervous system. Conclusions. Indices of physical efficiency, as an integral criterion of functional capabilities of young men aged 17-21, corresponded to age standards. There were no significant differences within groups and age groups according to the criteria of young men's general physical capacity. It was shown that the greatest positive changes in the range of 5-6% were observed in young men aged 21 (p> 0.05). Analysis of the correlation between the indicators of physical capacity and the values of the cardiovascular and central nervous system functional state of young men aged 17-21 did not reveal close meaningful relationships. We noted weak and moderate dependence relationship. The prospect for further research is in studying gender peculiarities of the functional capabilities of children, young people and people of the first mature age.