Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism in Residents of the Prykarpattia Region: Results of the First Phase of the Clinical Examination Using Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and α-ketonuria Tests

Introduction. According to a WHO study, about 30.0% of the Earth's population is at an iodine deficiency (ID) risk; about 20 million people are mentally disturbed due to a deficit of iodine in the organism. The research of the Scientific Center of Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine (2010) showed that the whole territory of Ukraine is mainly a zone of moderate iodine deficiency and covers 2 million people. The prevalence of manifested hypothyroidism in the general population varies from 3.0 to 8.0%, and taking into account the subclinical forms – from 10.0 to 12.0%. Aim. To find out the frequency of iodine deficiency in latent and manifest hypothyroidism in the Precarpathian region on the basis of the results of the first stage of the dispensary examination with the use of express methods of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDG) and α-ketoneuric tests; give suggestions to prevent it. Materials and methods. 292 people were examined (55.6% males and 44.4% females aged 6 to 80 years). The unified tests of PDG-activity in blood and the total content of α-ketoacids in urine have been used to differentiate iodine deficient hidden and manifested hypothyroidism, vitamin-non-dependent insulin resistance and B1-hypovitaminosis in terms of reduced functional activity of PDG complex and excessive secretion of urinary α- ketoacids Results. In the case of iodine deficiency hypothyroidism, the 2-hour urinary excretion of α-ketoacids decreases (<6.0 mg). It was established, that the incidence of the hidden iodine deficiency hypothyroidism was 10.96 %, of the manifest – 4.45 %. In 2012, the Academy of Prophylactic Medicine completed the testing of “Programs for general population screening and prevention of iodine deficiency diseases”, the main sections of which are the use of self-monitoring of hydrocarbon metabolism “α-ketonuric test” and distribution among the students and the population of endemic regions “Yodomenotl-25 “and” Yodoglitserina-25 “(for children). To prepare them at home, 25.0 ml of peppermint or glycerin mint infusion (in a pharmacy) should be mixed with 0.5 ml (25.0 drops) of 5.0% alcoholic solution of iodine. One drop of this mixture contains 25.0 μg of pure iodine. Prevention of iodine deficiency diseases is recommended for the entire population of Ukraine, especially in endemic areas – Lviv, Volyn, Zacarpattya, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil and Chernivtsi regions. Conclusions. To prevent the iodine deficiency disorders since childhood, we sugest the widespread use of Yodomenthol-25 and 50-Salihrom.