Risk Factors and Predictors of Ischemic Heart Disease Onset in Females

Introduction. Ischemic heart disease takes a leading place in morbidity and mortality structure among the Ukrainians and in the world. There are certain peculiarities of the onset, course and prognosis of the ischemic heart disease in women. For example, in women, there is a later age of coronary artery disease. At the same time, the prevalence of coronary heart disease in women with coronary heart disease is worse than in men. Infant mortality rates in the female population are 19.0%, whereas in males – 12.0%. Mortality among women in the first year after the myocardial infarction reaches 36.0%, which is 10.0% higher than in men. Aim. To make an overview of modern literature on the risk factors and predictors of coronary heart disease in women. Materials and methods. The content analysis, method of system and comparative analysis, the bibliosemantic method of study of the actual scientific researches concerning risk factors and predictors of coronary artery disease in women have been used. Results. Traditional risk factors for coronary heart disease include burdened hereditary history, age, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, smoking, hypodynamia, inappropriate nutrition, hypoestrogenemia. The following new risk factors have been identified: C-reactive protein, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a), microalbuminuria, uric acid, leptin, adiponectin, fibrinogen, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, subclinical atherosclerosis. The presence of early coronary artery disease in close relatives of women under 65, men up to 55 years of age is an independent risk factor, although its significance is lower than that of men. An early myocardial infarction in one of the parents increases the risk of coronary heart disease in women by 2.8 times. It is traditionally believed that the risk factor of corobary heart disease for women is over 55 years of age (in men over 45). The incidence of coronary heart disease in women increases with age: women under 30 years of age suffer every twentieth person, while in the age group of 50-59 years, signs of coronary heart disease are in one of five women, after 60 years the overall incidence of coronary artery disease is 41.3%. Conclusions. The isolation of risk factors in stratifying the risk of cardiovascular disease and determining the markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in women will help to prevent the emergence of early complications of cardiovascular damage, reduce their morbidity and mortality.