Rupture of a Simple Renal Cyst into the Pyelocalyceal System Induced by Laparoscopic Surgery of the Prostate

The spontaneous rupture of renal cysts with communication to the renal cavities has been reported very rarely. We report a patient with a asymptomatic renal cyst and prostate cancer undergoing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in Trendelenburg position complicated with a rectal injury repaired laparoscopically and the passing CO2 into peritoneal cavity by a peritoneal gap. He had a torpid post-surgery evolution due to a rupture of renal cyst into the pyelocalyceal system, that it was successfully treated by a percutaneous nephrostomy. We report the case for its rarity and the possible relationship with laparoscopic surgery.