THERMODYNAMICS OF THE FERMI GAS IN A QUANTUM WELL
Journal: East European Journal of Physics (Vol.3, No. 4)Publication Date: 2017-03-10
Authors : Yu. Poluektov; A. Soroka;
Page : 4-21
Keywords : Fermi particle; quantum well; thermodynamic functions; low-dimensional systems; equation of state; heat capacity; compressibility;
Abstract
For the ideal Fermi gas that fills a quantum well confined by two parallel planes, there are calculated the thermodynamic characteristics
in general form for arbitrary temperatures, namely: the thermodynamic potential, energy, entropy, equations of state, heat capacities and
compressibilities. The distance between planes is considered as an additional thermodynamic variable. Owing to the anisotropy, the
pressure of the Fermi gas along and transverse to the planes is different, so that the system is characterized by two equations of state and
a set of different heat capacities. Limiting cases of low and high temperatures are considered. The temperature dependencies of the
entropy and heat capacities at low temperatures remain linear, just as in the volume case, and their dependencies on the chemical
potential and density undergo jumps at the beginning of the filling of new discrete levels. It is shown that the behavior of thermodynamic
quantities with the distance between plates can be either oscillating or monotonic, depending on what quantity is assumed to be fixed: the
volume or surface density. For high temperatures the corrections to thermodynamic quantities are obtained, which are proportional to the
ratio of the thermal de Broglie wavelength to the distance between planes.
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