In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Adenia Cissampeloides Plant Extracts on Bacteria Isolated from Fishes Recovered from Uwana River, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Adenia Cissampeloides, a Pesticidal plant has dynamic active ingredients which cause physiological destruction in fishes including Clarias gariepinus. Majority of these Pesticidal plants contain medicinal values. In this study, the in vitro antibacterial activity of A. Cissampeloides plant extracts on bacteria isolated from fishes recovered from Uwana River, Ebonyi State, Nigeria was bacteriologically investigated. The isolation and identification of bacteria from the fishes recovered from Uwana River was carried out using standard microbiology techniques. The phytochemical properties of the plant extracts were studied using phytochemical analysis while the antimicrobial activities of the A. Cissampeloides plant extracts were evaluated using agar well diffusion technique. Results from physicochemical analysis of the water samples and bacterial count established that Uwana River is polluted. Fourteen species of aerobic heterotrophic Gram-positive and Gramnegativebacteria were isolated and identified from the fishes. The Gram-positive bacteria included, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, S. hominis, S. cohnii, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Kocuria varians and Gram-negative bacteria were Raoutella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia fonticola, and Enterobacter Gergovia. The most frequently isolated organism from the fishes was Raoutella ornithinolytica (19.04% and 31.82%). Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts shows that it possesses antimicrobial properties. Extract with petroleum ether showed highest inhibition zone diameter (8.2 mm) with Aeromonas veronii, while the least diameter was observed in Staphylococcus cohnii (4 mm). Methanol extracts of the plant on R. ornithinolytica showed (7mm) while on Aeromonas hydrophila it was (5mm). The results of this study show that the plant extracts of A. Cissampeloides had appreciable antimicrobial activity on bacteria isolated from fishes recovered from Uwana River. Conclusively, the tested extracts of A. Cissampeloides plant showed varying spectra of inhibitions and/or antimicrobial activity against the isolated bacteria.