Effects of Stoma Density and Stoma Size at Different Times of Day and Different Vectors of the Vine Crown in Edible Grape Varieties

In this study, It was aimed to determine of leaf stomatal density and size which was affected different times of day and different vectors of the vine crown. This study was carried out Yalova Incisi', ‘Cardinal', ‘Yalova Cekirdeksizi', ‘Amasya Beyazı', ‘Ata Sarısı', ‘Italia', ‘Kozak Beyazı' and ‘Müşküle' cultivars located in the 'Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Dardanos Campus', ‘Table Grape Varieties Application and Research Vineyard' during vegetation period of 2015. Stoma molds were taken where the vinestocks eastern, western vectors and vinestock inside were selected from randomly leaf end region on 10th node of shoots with nail polish method. These molds were taken morning (08:00–10:00), afternoon (13:00–15:00) and evening (18:00–20:00) hours. Stoma molds were taken to determine the stomatal density and size. Stoma numbers were counted from area of 0.066 mm2 by using 10x40 magnification of light microscope and the results converted to number of stoma/mm2. As average of all vectors; the widest width of stomata Cardinal cultivar (18.82 μm), the narrowest width of stomata Kozak Beyazı cultivar (14.97 μm), the tallest stomata respectively Yalova Cekirdeksizi (28.07 μm ), Italia (27.94 μm), Cardinal (27.45 μm), Amasya Beyazı (27.43 μm), Kozak Beyazı (26.82 μm) and Yalova Incisi (26.81 μm) cultivars, the shortest stomata respectively Ata Sarısı (25.01 μm) and Müşküle (25.42 μm) cultivars, maximum stomatal density respectively Ata Sarısı (421.2 stoma/mm2) and Müşküle (403.0 stoma/mm2) cultivars, the lowest density of stomata Italia (299.0 stoma/mm2) cultivars were obtained. As average of all vectors; the highest value in the stomatal opening respectively Cardinal (4.81%) and Italia (4.41%) cultivars, the highest value in the stomatal opening half Cardinal (18.39%) cultivar and the lowest value Yalova Cekirdeksizi (1.87%) cultivar, the highest value in the stomatal closure respectively Yalova Cekirdeksizi (97.81%), Yalova Incisi (95.86%), Amasya Beyazı (95.52%), Müşküle (95.46%), Kozak Beyazı (92.78%) and Ata Sarısı (92.73%) cultivars, the lowest value Cardinal (76.81%) cultivars were obtained. All grape varieties, the stomatal half span on the situation was affected by different vectors of the vinestock was important. The highest value was obtained respectively in the eastern vector (9.31%) and this was followed by the western vector (6.36%) and the vine crown inside (5.68%). The stomatal closure on the situation was affected by different vectors of the vinestock was important. The highest values were found to in the vine crown inside (93.37%) respectively and the western vector (92.69%), the lowest value was obtained in the eastern vector (88.34%). The stomatal opening on the situation was affected by different times of the day and this values were obtained respectively between 8:00–10:00 hours (2.14%), between 12:00–14:00 hours (1.77%) and between 16:00–18:00 hours (0.38%).