THE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO AN ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF ADDICTION FORMATION

This article presents the comprehensive approach to an analysis of the determinants of addiction formation. The modern understanding of the term «addictive behavior» is highlighted. The psychological reasons of addictions, which are as individual psychological characteristics of personality and aggravating social and psychological factors, are considered. Acceptable and dangerous forms of addictions that exist in modern society is described. In the article is shown that in the basis of social factors of addictions is a “cultural / subcultural” motivation of personality to act like groups because of fear to be different. The author proposes to enter into scientific use the term "addictive context of the circumstances". The biological reasons of addictions that medicine sees in the cellular mechanisms which associated with dopamine metabolism (gene transcription factors and epigenetic factors) are considered. Particular attention is paid to stages of pathological homeostasis in the brain in the additive behavior that begins in structures of the limbic system and eventually spreads to other parts of the brain. Characteristic features of "somatic marker" of addictions appearance (dysfunction of various parts of the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdales) are outlined. Although functional role of the hippocampus in the formation of addictive motivation is shown. The author presents the neuropsychological mechanism of formation of addictive automatism. The lack of knowledge of neuropsychological symptom complex of addictions is found out.