PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ATTENTION IN PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY

The article deals with the phenomenological aspects of attention, from the point of view of history and furth er development of this issue. The attention is paid to the main pilot studies on this issue. In addition, patholog- ical deviations and features of children's development are considered. The possibility of studying of the issue by means of neurophysiology me thods is considered. The attention remains one of the most current problems of psychology, psy- chiatry, and psychotherapy. The theoretical assumptions of Wundt, Kettela and Munsterberg influenced on the devel- opment of the scientific paradigm of attention. T he first experimental studies on the problem of attention include exper- iments Hamilton, Jevons, Freeman, Oberly. In a consequence, Lange and Galperin dealt with this problem. The discov- eries in the field of neurophysiology influenced on clarification of th e main difficulties in this area. In particular, the detection of the so - called "launch areas" of the reticular formation. It is possible to attribute a factor of neuronic plas- ticity of a nervous system, conduction and excitability of ionic gradients poten tial to neurophysiological correlates of attention. It should be noted a role of genetic factors. Especially, it is relevant at so - called pathological changes. It is necessary to know basic genetic influence of genes on attention deficit hyperactivity diso rder and the mediated their influence on behavior. In addition, the ways of interacting genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of this dis- ease should be considered.