SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT OF GENDER-ROLE SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS IN UKRAINE IN THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY

Introduction. This article develops the deals with the essence of the national traditions of Ukrainian people in the family and sexual education of youth. The author highlights the importance of understanding views of famous teachers in the late 19th – early 20th century on the strong connection between sexual education is the necessity of understanding the strong ties between sexual morality and family, and the idea that strong family is a strong state. The family must be the most important educational institution. Purpose of the article – retrospective analysis of the gender-role socialization of children and teenagers in the late 19th – early 20th century can trace the formation of institution of the family. Results. Pedagogical essence of national and culture traditions is in reproduction of the best things, elaborated by Ukrainian people during the history of its existence in future generations. The education of pupils with the help of national and culture traditions provides their initiation to spiritual and material achievements of people, learning and multiplication of the best customs and traditions, moral norm, aesthetic values and other elements of cultural heritage, the best mental qualities of Ukrainian people, specificity of their emotional and intellectual areas, which are stored, developed and transmitted during centuries. Originality. The question for gender issues and sexual relations today is important because it is facing acute social problems associated with a complete education of the younger generation, among whom appear more supporters of the so-called «free love», «civil marriages» and lack of spirituality, neglecting of moral and ethical standards in intimate relationships between boys and girls the early beginning of sexuality is observed. Much attention was paid to sexual education of schoolchildren by famous teachers psychologists of the 20-30 years of the 20th century (Ye. Arkin, P. Blonsky, L. Vygotsky, A. Makarenko). They recognized the necessity for special training of teaching staff to solve the tasks of sex education, emphasized the need to increase the level of sex education of children and young people. Among effective methods, techniques and tools, creating a culture influence of sexual behavior of schoolchildren, scientists stressed teaching, works, arts, sports and physical exercise, healthy way of life, social relationships (love, friendship, sociality, etc).