Broncho-pleural fistula: the real wound in the patient and the moral injury in the pride of Thoracic Surgeon

Each branch of surgery has its chronic complications that represent a disruption in the daily life of the patient and a wound in the pride of the Surgeon who failed to prevent the complication and often fails to remedy it. For Thoracic Surgeon one of the most feared chronic complication is broncho-pleural fistula (BPF). In Thoracic Surgery the problem of BPF is a very engaging experience because, despite the devices, expedients and tricks used during surgery, sometimes you can not prevent the unpleasant event, and mainly, the surgical and medical treatments necessary to close of the fistula are complicated and stressful.