Effectiveness of a computer-based time perception training on temporal processing precision

Background: Functions such as organizing, decision making, working memory, motor control, perception of time, prediction of future, internal language, problem solving are entitle as the most important executive functions. In daily life time reproduction deficits may result in situations that require a timing component, such as waiting, planning, and organizing reflected by impulsive behavior. Purpose: Previous research indicated that cognitive enhancement might improve executive functions. So, through two experiments we investigated the effectiveness of time perception training. Method: In experiment 1, intervention was performed on eight normal children. Time reproduction task was used for assessing the changes in participants' time processing precision, and a computer-based game for time perception training as the intervention purpose. Participants performed the time reproduction task in the following phases (a) pre-intervention phase (baseline), (b) during the intervention sessions, (c) in the post-intervention sessions and (d) in the one-month follow up sessions. In experiment 2, the same task and the same game were utilized, but data gathered from two groups in an experiment using an independent groups design: 1-experimental group (7 girls and 7 boys, mean age=6.6), 2- control group (7 girls and 7 boys, mean age=6.4). Participants were tested twice as pre-test and post-test. Results: Experiment 1 revealed that although some improvements in time performance was observed in some subjects, the effectiveness of game was unclear. Findings of experimental 2 indicated that the game had a significant effect on short (but not long) interval time perception. Conclusion: Based on results of two experiments it can concluded that time perception training (via game) might enhance temporal processing precision, especially short interval times. However, more research is needed for conclusion.