Cervical Cancer Treatment and Its Effects on Sexual Function: Recent Evidence and Approach

The high curability of Cervical Cancer (CC), when detected early, combined with the latest scientific advances in the treatment of this disease, has contributed to greater survival of patients. However, its treatment can lead to significant late adverse effects, such as sexual dysfunction, significantly compromising quality of life. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the effects of treatment for cervical cancer on sexual function. It is observed that sexual dysfunctions resulting from the treatment of the disease may include: decreased elasticity, mucosal atrophy, shortening, and stenosis of the vagina; reduced lubrication and reduction / loss of vaginal sensation; dyspareunia; reduced sexual desire and arousal; and anorgasmia. Despite growing evidence of sexual morbidity after treatment for cervical cancer, its proper assessment and management are still neglected in routine follow-up care. The need for a positive approach for patients to express their actual daily life situations is highlighted, emphasizing, in this regard, the specific assessment of sexual function, guidance with regard to resuming sexual activity after undergoing treatment, and the necessary interdisciplinary approach in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, when such a condition is identified.