Serological and Molecular Prevalence of HBV and HCV and their Possible Transmission Routes in Volunteer Blood Donors of Punjab Pakistan

Introduction: Hepatitis B and C viruses are common transfusion-transmissible infectious agents and are threats to safe blood transfusion. This paper aimed to determine the sero and molecular epidemiology, risk factors and tendency of these viruses in volunteer blood donors in various districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: Total 2957 apparently healthy blood donors from different districts of Punjab were selected and subjected to screening for HBV and HCV markers and qualitative PCR was conducted. All the blood donors were interviewed and all the possible information was recorded in specifically designed data sheet. Results: Out of 2957consecutive blood donors 2920 (98.74%) were males and 37 (1.25%) were females. The number of younger blood donors was significantly higher (p<0.0005) as compared to age group 36-45years. The overall prevalence of HBV and HCV was 1.18% (35/2957) and 4.93% (146/2957), respectively. Prevalence of anti HCV positive cases and HBsAg was found higher in Nankana and Bahawalpur. The HBsAg and anti-HCV were more common in AB+ve and B+ve blood groups respectively. History of dental treatment and beautyparlor /Barber shop were common highest risk factors. Among all donors only 4.09%(121) were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Conclusion: From the present study it was concluded that a considerable percentage of the apparently healthy volunteer blood donors carry HCV and HBV agents. Dental procedures and beautyparlor/Barbershop were the most common risk factors. To ensure the safety of blood for recipient, comprehensive screening of donors' blood using standard methods are highly recommended.