3-D MODELING OF FRONTAL BOLTING

Nevertheless, this method suffers from the inaccuracy due both to the behavior of the inclusions and the characteristics defining the interface. It is indeed necessary to make assumptions; for example on the behavior of the contact elements. The characteristics of friction, sliding and detachment are difficult to determine and are most often derived from empirical deductions. This observation has therefore prompted us to seek means of substitution that are supposed to be more satisfactory and more practical to simulate bolting and integrating the action of bolts into the massif. Several approaches have been proposed in this framework, but none of them take into account the difference between permanent reinforcement and temporary reinforcement (frontal bolting) (Leca and Dormieux 1990; Lunardi et al 1992) [3,4]. The present paper contributes to this objective, the action of the bolts is assimilated to an improvement of resistance parameters of the ground in conditions of the Djebel El kantour site.