DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE USING AGRO-WASTE AND MANUFACTURED SAND: A REVIEW

Concrete is the second largest consumed material by humans in the entire world after water. High structural stability and strength of concrete, makes it the most used construction material. If its consumption is done at the same rate, it may get exhausted in the coming future. So we have to find alternatives to replace ingredients in concrete which will be easily available at all times at low cost to give concrete of good strength. Cement, sand and gravel are the ingredients used in concrete. Production and consumption of cement as per International Cement Review (USGS Mineral Resources Report, Tech Sci Research) is shown in Figure 1. and Figure 2. respectively. The growth of cement production in India is shown in Figure 3.The MS manufactured by proper machines can be a better replacement for natural sand. Properly graded sand will have few voids and it will be economical as the cement quantity required will be less. Demand for MS is increasing day by day as Natural sand is not able to meet the construction demand. Natural sand is not graded properly and it has excessive silt and organic impurities which affect the durability of concrete whereas MS has no silt or organic impurities. The present proposal involves replacement of sand by manufactured sand and cement by rice husk ash which is cheap, easily available and also provides good strength to concrete.