Way to increase back-up rolls cracking and wearing resistances at high-speed deposition with low heat input

The rolling-mill back-up rolls operate under high specific pressures conditions and are produced of high-carbon steel, prone to hot and cold cracking. Therefore crack resistance increase is an important scientific and technical problem. The impact of the electrode shape and heat input on the arc motion, and heat affected zone, the size of which determines the cold cracks formation and deposited metal flaking has been found. The arc moves along the electrode end face along the longitudinal axis or perpendicular to the weld pool in dependence on the ribbon position. The arc movement governs the heat input in the pool and if the surfacing regime is constant, the heating and cooling rates of the molten metal and heat affected zone as well. At surfacing with a perpendicular ribbon the heat affected zone decreases; at surfacing with a longitudinal ribbon and wire the heat affected zone increases. At surfacing with a composite electrode the heat affected zone reduces sharply while resistance to cracking and wearing increases. With the heat input reduction in weld pool side edges the heat affected zone reduces as well. At high speed surfacing with low heat input, the heat affected zone reduces, the tendency to cold cracking and deposited metal flaking decrease, welding stresses and specific pressure decrease, what results in resistance to cracking increase as well as the increase in wearing resistance. When energy decreases the deposited metal quality increases. Energy minimum results in maximum quality. The process of energy-saving high-speed deposition with low heat input, which provides microstructure reduction, heat input in the base metal and heat affected zone decrease, prevent cold cracking and deposited metal flaking increases both rolling mill back-up cracking resistance and wearing resistance has been developed