THE VERB “SA-” AND ITS DERIVATIVES FROM OLD TURKISH TO NEW TURKISH

In this article, a semantical and morphological analyse of nominal and verbal stems (derivatives) of the verb sa- is presented. At first, the derivatives of the verb sa- are classified into two groups as nominal stems and verbal stems. According to the classification firstly, derivated nominal stems formed by derivational morphems /-k+/ and /-n+/ and secondly, derivated verbal stems formed by derivational morphems /-k-/ and /-n-/ and at last thirdly, the cliched particles derivated from the verb sa- are analysed. From the old Turkic dialects to nowadays, modern Turkish dialects, in the perspective of Turkish language history, structural specialities and meaning exchange and advancement of the verb sa- in Turkish langauge are determined from the point of semantics, especially from the polysemy. In conclusion, by depending on the essential meaning the verb sa- which notably constituted a wide meaning expansion via its various nominal and verbal derivatives. The semantical structure of the verb was expanded through newly constituted forms with new meanings holding on basic semantical pattern which was constructed by the essential meaning “saymak (to count)”. At this point, the verb sa- as a verb in the category of the polysemic verbs in Turkish langauge, which established a wide meaning area by means of its derivatives, in other words, there are parallelisation and consistency between the advancement of essential and basic meaning of the verb and its morphological variation.