A PHENOMENOLOGICAL SURVEY ON VARIOUS TYPES OF BRAIN DISEASES USING SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES

Brain, being the sensitive organ in the human body, is equally subject to any kind of infections and other disorders of varying intensity, such as brain cancer, tumour, Alzheimer's disease, alcoholism, amnesia, altitude sickness, autism, epilepsy and so on. Brain tumour is abnormal growth of cells inside skull which causes damage of the other cells necessary for functioning human brain. The brain tumour detection is not easy task due to composite structure of human brain. MRI images generated from MRI scanners using strong and radio waves to form images of the body which helps for medical analysis. Soft computing has been widely studied and applied for scientific research and engineering computing. In biological engineering and neural networks, researchers have developed methods of fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence, neural networks, genetic algorithms, decision trees, and support vector machines to study image processing techniques for classification of digital images. Medical imaging techniques are used to image the inner portions of the human body for medical analysis. In this paper, image processing techniques for detection of brain tumour are discussed and these techniques include the image acquisition, pre-processing and enhancement, image segmentation, classification.