Lipid profile in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and in diabetic nephropathy

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by abnormalities of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion, accompanied by varying degrees of resistance to insulin. Diabetes mellitus is currently the most common etiology for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism is associated with Diabetic nephropathy(DN), which can be influenced by derangement of renal function and the degree of metabolic control in diabetes mellitus. Our objective is to compare the levels of lipid profile, urine microalbumin and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without any complications, T2DM with nephropathy and normal controls who were age and sex matched. Materials and Method: Study group consisted of 75 individuals of whom 25 were T2DM without any complications, 25 were T2DM with nephropathy and 25 were healthy controls. Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides(TG), LDL Cholesterol(LDL-c), HDL Chlolesterol (HDL-c), HbA1c and urine microalbumin were measured in these subjects. Results: The values of TC, TG, LDL-c, HbA1c and urine microalbumin levels were significantly higher in T2DM without any complications and T2DM with nephropathy when compared to controls. HDL- c level was significantly lower in T2DM without any complications and T2DM with nephropathy when compared to controls. Conclusions: T2DM and DN are associated with dyslipidemia which is more pronounced in diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, early detection of dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetics and accordingly therapeutic intervention could control the resulting cardiovascular or renal complications.