Study of epidemiology of road traffic accidents

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have emerged as an important public health issue which needs to be tackled by a multi-disciplinary approach. The trend in RTA injuries and death is becoming alarming in countries like India. The number of fatal and disabling road accident happening is increasing day by day and it is a real public health challenge for all the concerned agencies to prevent it. This article is intended to create awareness among the health professionals about the various modalities available to prevent road accidents and also to inculcate a sense of responsibility towards spreading the message of road safety. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study of 230 patients between April 2016 to December 2017 reporting at General surgery, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery Department in Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun. Both indoor and OPD patients were included in this study. Data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire with closed ended questions being addressed to the participants. Results: Total of 230 accident victims was included in this study. Among them, 195 (85%) were males and 35 (15%) were female. Out of 230 respondents, 180 (78.26%) were involved in the accidents on normal working days, 30 (13.04%) of the accidents occurred during weekends and 4 (8.70%) on public holidays, Speeding 50 (21.74%) was one of the most significant personal factor associated with RTAs. Alcohol intoxication 35(15.22%), reckless driving 45 (19.57%) and tiredness of the driver 30 (13.04%) are the important personal factors associated with RTAs. Conclusion: Most countries have a multidisciplinary approach to traffic planning and road design. It is done by psychologists, engineers, doctors, sociologists, vehicle experts, etc., in India; road traffic is still a civil engineering issue. Lessons can be learnt from the eminent guidelines and good practices for good behavior on the roads practiced in developed countries where safety, orderliness, and discipline are ingrained in the citizens, come what may. Mere celebration of the annual Road Safety Week during the first week of January does not serve any purpose. Drivers should learn to show consideration and respect to co-vehicle drivers and pedestrians so that our roads become safer.